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<meta name="DESCRIPTION" content="Dynamic CŪ is an integrated C compiler, editor, loader, and debugger created specifically for embedded control and communication applications.">
<meta name="KEYWORDS" content="embedded application, software, embedded control, TCP/IP stack,TCPIP stack, embedded Ethernet, Ethernet control, C source code, C program, C programming, Assembly language, C compiler, software editor, debugger, embedded computers, machine control, design engineering, real-time programming, remote programming, remote downloading, remote debug">
<title>Rabbit Semiconductor's Dynamic C integrated development environment for embedded control and communication applications</title>
<title>Dynamic C User's Manual</title>
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<h2>
<a name="353856"> </a><font color="#003366" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Table of Contents</font>
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<h3>
<a name="1161743"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="1install.htm#998885"> 1. Installing Dynamic C </a></font>
</h3>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161745"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="1install.htm#1042013">1.1 Requirements </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161747"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="1install.htm#1042004">1.2 Assumptions </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1161749"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="2intro.htm#1002830"> 2. Introduction to Dynamic C </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161751"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="2intro.htm#999458">2.1 The Nature of Dynamic C </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161753"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="2intro.htm#999513">2.1.1 Speed </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161755"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="2intro.htm#999518">2.2 Dynamic C Enhancements and Differences </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161757"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="2intro.htm#1017060">2.3 Rabbit and Z180 Comparison </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1161759"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1057640"> 3. Quick Tutorial </a></font>
</h3>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161761"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1039084">3.1 Run DEMO1.C </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161763"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1051446">3.1.1 Single Stepping </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161765"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1039131">3.1.2 Watch Expression </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161767"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1039133">3.1.3 Breakpoint </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161769"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1039139">3.1.4 Editing the Program </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161771"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1039141">3.2 Run DEMO2.C </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161773"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1039145">3.2.1 Watching Variables Dynamically </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161775"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1042659">3.3 Run DEMO3.C </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161777"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1050516">3.3.1 Cooperative Multitasking </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161779"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1057805">3.4 Run DEMO4.C </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161781"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1057816">3.4.1 Trace Macros </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161783"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="3tutoria.htm#1052012">3.5 Summary of Features </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1161785"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="4lang.htm#998885"> 4. Language </a></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161787"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1025129">4.1 C Language Elements </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161789"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1034022">4.2 Punctuation Tokens </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161791"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1034020">4.3 Data </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161793"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1042137">4.3.1 Data Type Limits </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161795"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1025541">4.4 Names </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161797"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1038084">4.5 Macros </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161799"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1057547">4.5.1 Macro Operators # and ## </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161801"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1025621">4.5.2 Nested Macro Definitions </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161803"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1028181">4.5.3 Macro Restrictions </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161805"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1025509">4.6 Numbers </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161807"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1052544">4.7 Strings and Character Data </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161809"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1049267">4.7.1 String Concatenation </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161811"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1049270">4.7.2 Character Constants </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161813"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002073">4.8 Statements </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161815"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002085">4.9 Declarations </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161817"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002108">4.10 Functions </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161819"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002119">4.11 Prototypes </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161821"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002149">4.12 Type Definitions </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161823"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1013512">4.13 Aggregate Data Types </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161825"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002617">4.13.1 Array </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161827"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1033998">4.13.2 Structure </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161829"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002648">4.13.3 Union </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161831"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002664">4.13.4 Composites </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161833"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002678">4.14 Storage Classes </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161835"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002698">4.15 Pointers </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161837"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1043047">4.16 Pointers to Functions, Indirect Calls </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161839"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1002728">4.17 Argument Passing </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161841"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1028267">4.18 Program Flow </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161843"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1028273">4.18.1 Loops </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161845"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1045354">4.18.2 Continue and Break </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161847"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1028411">4.18.3 Branching </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161849"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1041982">4.19 Function Chaining </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161851"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1028531">4.20 Global Initialization </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161853"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1029144">4.21 Libraries </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161855"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1068165">4.21.1 LIB.DIR </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161857"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1048804">4.22 Headers </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161859"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1048828">4.23 Modules </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161861"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1056842">4.23.1 The Parts of a Module </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161863"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1043497">4.23.2 Module Sample Code </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161865"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1056750">4.23.3 Important Notes </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161867"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1056746">4.24 Function Description Headers </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161869"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="4lang.htm#1053742">4.25 Support Files </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1161871"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="5multi.htm#941435"> 5. Multitasking with Dynamic C </a></font>
</h3>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161873"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#951713">5.1 Cooperative Multitasking </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161875"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963690">5.2 A Real-Time Problem </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161877"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#966021">5.2.1 Solving the Real-Time Problem with a State Machine </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161879"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#962964">5.3 Costatements </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161881"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963739">5.3.1 Solving the Real-Time Problem with Costatements </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161883"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963657">5.3.2 Costatement Syntax </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161885"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#961480">5.3.3 Control Statements </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161887"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963807">5.4 Advanced Costatement Topics </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161889"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963808">5.4.1 The CoData Structure </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161891"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963811">5.4.2 CoData Fields </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161893"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963868">5.4.3 Pointer to CoData Structure </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161895"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963888">5.4.4 Functions for Use With Named Costatements </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161897"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963919">5.4.5 Firsttime Functions </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161899"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#984002">5.4.6 Shared Global Variables </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161901"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#985344">5.5 Cofunctions </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161903"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#950387">5.5.1 Cofunction Syntax </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161905"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#951954">5.5.2 Calling Restrictions </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161907"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#968514">5.5.3 CoData Structure </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161909"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#968498">5.5.4 Firsttime Functions </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161911"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#968529">5.5.5 Types of Cofunctions </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161913"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#952158">5.5.6 Types of Cofunction Calls </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161915"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#962153">5.5.7 Special Code Blocks </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161917"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#952625">5.5.8 Solving the Real-Time Problem with Cofunctions </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161919"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#962926">5.6 Patterns of Cooperative Multitasking </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161921"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#951639">5.7 Timing Considerations </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161923"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#951585">5.7.1 waitfor Accuracy Limits </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161925"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963142">5.8 Overview of Preemptive Multitasking </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161927"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#965242">5.9 Slice Statements </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161929"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993197">5.9.1 Slice Syntax </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161931"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963160">5.9.2 Usage </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161933"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963165">5.9.3 Restrictions </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161935"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963167">5.9.4 Slice Data Structure </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161937"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#963171">5.9.5 Slice Internals </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161939"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993891">5.10 µC/OS-II </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161941"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993319">5.10.1 Changes to µC/OS-II </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1161943"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993321">5.10.1.1 Ticks per Second </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1161945"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993326">5.10.1.2 Task Creation </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1161947"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993340">5.10.1.3 Restrictions </a></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161949"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993343">5.10.2 Tasking Aware Interrupt Service Routines (TA-ISR) </a></font></font>
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<dd> <a name="1161951"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993345">5.10.2.1 Interrupt Priority Levels </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1161953"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993347">5.10.2.2 Possible ISR Scenarios </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1161955"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993460">5.10.2.3 General Layout of a TA-ISR </a></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161957"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993607">5.10.3 Library Reentrancy </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161959"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993667">5.10.4 How to Get a µC/OS-II Application Running </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1161961"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993673">5.10.4.1 Default Configuration </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1161963"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993708">5.10.4.2 Custom Configuration </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1161965"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993715">5.10.4.3 Examples </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161967"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993750">5.10.5 Compatibility with TCP/IP </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1161969"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993756">5.10.5.1 Socket Locks </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161971"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#993768">5.10.6 Debugging Tips </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161973"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="5multi.htm#994024">5.11 Summary </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1161975"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="debug.htm#999206">6. Debugging with Dynamic C </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161977"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1016200">6.1 Debugging Features Prior to Dynamic C 9 </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161979"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1002317">6.2 Debugging Features Introduced in Dynamic C 9 </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161981"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1003222">6.3 Debugging Tools </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161983"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1003225">6.3.1 printf() </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161985"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1003232">6.3.2 Software Breakpoints </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161987"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1016300">6.3.3 Single Stepping </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161989"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1003250">6.3.4 Watch Expressions </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161991"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1003255">6.3.5 Evaluate Expressions </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161993"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1003260">6.3.6 Memory Dump </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161995"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005090">6.3.7 MAP File </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161997"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1017404">6.3.8 Execution Trace </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1161999"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1003289">6.3.9 Symbolic Stack Trace </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162001"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1003299">6.3.10 Assert Macro </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162003"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1003310">6.3.11 Miscellaneous Debugging Tools </a></font></font>
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<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162005"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005842">6.4 Where to Look for Debugger Features </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162007"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005844">6.4.1 Run and Inspect Menus </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162009"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005846">6.4.2 Options Menu </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162011"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005848">6.4.3 Window Menu </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162013"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1016177">6.5 Debug Strategies </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162015"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005898">6.5.1 Good Programming Practices </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162017"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005926">6.5.2 Finding the Bug </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162019"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005930">6.5.2.1 Reproduce the Problem </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162021"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005945">6.5.2.2 Minimize the Failure Scenario </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162023"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005947">6.5.2.3 Other Things to Try </a></font>
</dl>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162025"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="debug.htm#1005850">6.6 Reference to Other Debugging Information </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162027"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#1001059"> 7. The Virtual Driver </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162029"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#1005700">7.1 Default Operation </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162031"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#998311">7.2 Calling _GLOBAL_INIT() </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162033"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#998370">7.3 Global Timer Variables </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162035"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#1019280">7.3.1 Example: Timing Loop </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162037"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#1019273">7.3.2 Example: Delay Loop </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162039"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#1005582">7.4 Watchdog Timers </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162041"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#998517">7.4.1 Hardware Watchdog </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162043"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#998662">7.4.2 Virtual Watchdogs </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162045"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="56vdriv.htm#1005666">7.5 Preemptive Multitasking Drivers </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162047"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="7rte.htm#998885"> 8. Run-Time Errors </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162049"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1043748">8.1 Run-Time Error Handling </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162051"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1043574">8.1.1 Error Code Ranges </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162053"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1025176">8.1.2 Fatal Error Codes </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162055"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1037472">8.2 User-Defined Error Handler </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162057"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1043807">8.2.1 Replacing the Default Handler </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162059"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1037545">8.3 Run-Time Error Logging </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162061"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1045122">8.3.1 Error Log Buffer </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162063"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1044147">8.3.2 Initialization and Defaults </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162065"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1045127">8.3.3 Configuration Macros </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162067"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1044614">8.3.4 Error Logging Functions </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162069"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="7rte.htm#1045094">8.3.5 Examples of Error Log Use </a></font></font>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162071"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="8mem.htm#998885"> 9. Memory Management </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162073"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="8mem.htm#1046659">9.1 Memory Map </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162075"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="8mem.htm#1026046">9.1.1 Memory Mapping Control </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162077"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="8mem.htm#1040431">9.1.2 Macro to Use Second Flash for Code </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162079"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="8mem.htm#1038612">9.2 Extended Memory Functions </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162081"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="8mem.htm#1037606">9.3 Code Placement in Memory </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162083"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="8mem.htm#1046374">9.4 Dynamic Memory Allocation </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162085"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="filesys.htm#999206"> 10. File Systems </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162087"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041862">10.1 FS2 </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162089"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1011194">10.1.1 General Usage </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162091"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1031508">10.1.1.1 Maximum File Size </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162093"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1033414">10.1.1.2 Two Flash Boards </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162095"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1030499">10.1.1.3 Using SRAM </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162097"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1011204">10.1.1.4 Wear Leveling </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162099"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1011784">10.1.1.5 Low-Level Implementation </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162101"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1029946">10.1.1.6 Multitasking and FS2 </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162103"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1010825">10.1.2 Application Requirements </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162105"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1027877">10.1.2.1 Library Requirements </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162107"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1029559">10.1.2.2 FS2 Configuration Macros </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162109"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1031786">10.1.2.3 FS2 and Use of the First Flash </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162111"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1010752">10.1.3 File System API Functions </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162113"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1028705">10.1.3.1 FS2 API Error Codes </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162115"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1028081">10.1.4 Setting up and Partitioning the File System </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162117"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1032067">10.1.4.1 Initial Formatting </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162119"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1028162">10.1.4.2 Logical Extents (LX) </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162121"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1028203">10.1.4.3 Logical Sector Size </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162123"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1029684">10.1.5 File Identifiers </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162125"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1029685">10.1.5.1 File Numbers </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162127"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1029687">10.1.5.2 File Names </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162129"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1010847">10.1.6 Skeleton Program Using FS2 </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162131"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1033793">10.2 FAT File System </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162133"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040496">10.2.1 Overview of FAT Documentation </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162135"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040519">10.2.2 Running Your First FAT Sample Program </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162137"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040532">10.2.2.1 Bringing Up the File System </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162139"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040607">10.2.2.2 Using the File System </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162141"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040661">10.2.3 More Sample Programs </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162143"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040669">10.2.3.1 Blocking Sample </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162145"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040714">10.2.3.2 Non-Blocking Sample </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162147"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040778">10.2.4 FAT Operations </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162149"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040826">10.2.4.1 Format and Partition the Device </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162151"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1040856">10.2.4.2 File and Directory Operations </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162153"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041023">10.2.4.3 Error Handling </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162155"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041442">10.2.5 More FAT Information </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162157"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041445">10.2.5.1 Clusters and Sectors </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162159"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041500">10.2.5.2 The Master Boot Record </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162161"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041511">10.2.5.3 FAT Partitions </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162163"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041562">10.2.5.4 Directory and File Names </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162165"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041568">10.2.5.5 µC/OS-II and FAT Compatibility </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162167"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041579">10.2.5.6 SF1000 and FAT Compatibility </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162169"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041583">10.2.5.7 Hot-Swapping an xD Card </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162171"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041588">10.2.5.8 Hot-Swapping an SD Card </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162173"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041593">10.2.5.9 Unsupported FAT Features </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162175"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="filesys.htm#1041601">10.2.5.10 References </a></font>
</dl>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162177"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="9assem.htm#998885"> 11. Using Assembly Language </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162179"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054403">11.1 Mixing Assembly and C </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162181"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054422">11.1.1 Embedded Assembly Syntax </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162183"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1056444">11.1.2 Embedded C Syntax </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162185"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1056731">11.1.3 Setting Breakpoints in Assembly </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162187"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1071889">11.2 Assembler and Preprocessor </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162189"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054571">11.2.1 Comments </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162191"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054583">11.2.2 Defining Constants </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162193"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054614">11.2.3 Multiline Macros </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162195"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054681">11.2.4 Labels </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162197"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054622">11.2.5 Special Symbols </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162199"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054647">11.2.6 C Variables </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162201"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054814">11.3 Stand-Alone Assembly Code </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162203"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1056981">11.3.1 Stand-Alone Assembly Code in Extended Memory </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162205"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1055567">11.3.2 Example of Stand-Alone Assembly Code </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162207"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1055667">11.4 Embedded Assembly Code </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162209"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1055059">11.4.1 The Stack Frame </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162211"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1071143">11.4.1.1 Stack Frame Diagram </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162213"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1055129">11.4.1.2 The Frame Reference Point </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162215"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054534">11.4.2 Embedded Assembly Example </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162217"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1054787">11.4.3 The Disassembled Code Window </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162219"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1053614">11.4.4 Local Variable Access </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162221"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1027967">11.5 C Calling Assembly </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162223"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1055809">11.5.1 Passing Parameters </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162225"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1055765">11.5.2 Location of Return Results </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162227"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1055772">11.5.3 Returning a Structure </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162229"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1024312">11.6 Assembly Calling C </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162231"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1062742">11.7 Interrupt Routines in Assembly </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162233"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1024496">11.7.1 Steps Followed by an ISR </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162235"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1058211">11.7.2 Modifying Interrupt Vectors </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162237"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="9assem.htm#1058536">11.8 Common Problems </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162239"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="10key.htm#998885"> 12. Keywords </a></font>
</h3>
<dl> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162241"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1070636">abandon </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162243"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071152">abort </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162245"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071194">align </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162247"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071220">always_on </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162249"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071239">anymem </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162251"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071268">asm </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162253"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071303">auto </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162255"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071318">bbram </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162257"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071340">break </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162259"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071364">c </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162261"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071386">case </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162263"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071414">char </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162265"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1078229">cofunc </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162267"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071437">const </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162269"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071548">continue </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162271"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071570">costate </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162273"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071602">debug </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162275"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071620">default </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162277"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071648">do </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162279"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071671">else </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162281"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071696">enum </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162283"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071736">extern </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162285"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1074369">firsttime </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162287"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071802">float </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162289"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071826">for </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162291"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071851">goto </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162293"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071875">if </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162295"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071909">init_on </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162297"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071925">int </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162299"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071949">interrupt </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162301"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1071977">interrupt_vector </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162303"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073902">__lcall__ </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162305"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072011">long </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162307"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1024559">main </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162309"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072075">nodebug </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162311"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072110">norst </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162313"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072126">nouseix </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162315"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072143">NULL </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162317"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072191">protected </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162319"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073838">register </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162321"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072174">return </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162323"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072252">root </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162325"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1078297">scofunc </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162327"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072271">segchain </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162329"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072309">shared </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162331"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072382">short </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162333"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072401">size </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162335"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072417">sizeof </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162337"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072433">speed </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162339"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072450">static </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162341"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072469">struct </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162343"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072485">switch </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162345"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072504">typedef </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162347"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072520">union </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162349"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072545">unsigned </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162351"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072601">useix </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162353"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072585">waitfor </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162355"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072633">waitfordone (wfd) </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162357"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072656">while </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162359"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072698">xdata </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162361"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072715">xmem </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162363"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1079319">void </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162365"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1078198">volatile </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162367"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1078212">xstring </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162369"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072821">yield </a></font></font>
</dl>
</dl><dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162371"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1026816">12.1 Compiler Directives </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162373"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072917">#asm </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162375"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072932">#class </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162377"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072974"> #debug #nodebug </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162379"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073000">#define </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162381"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073016">#endasm </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162383"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073032">#fatal </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162385"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073050">#GLOBAL_INIT </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162387"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073069">#error </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162389"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073085">#funcchain </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162391"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073099">#if #elif #else #endif </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162393"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073133">#ifdef </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162395"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073149">#ifndef </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162397"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073199">#interleave #nointerleave </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162399"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073235">#makechain </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162401"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073251">#memmap </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162403"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073274">#pragma </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162405"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073288">#precompile </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162407"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073303">#undef </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162409"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073322">#use </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162411"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073336">#useix #nouseix </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162413"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1078176">#warns </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162415"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1073374">#warnt </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162417"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072867">#ximport </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162419"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="10key.htm#1072848">#zimport </a></font></font>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162421"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="11oper.htm#998885"> 13. Operators </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162423"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1033669">13.1 Arithmetic Operators </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162425"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1037971">+ </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162427"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1037986">- </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162429"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038005">* </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162431"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038019">/ </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162433"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038042">++ </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162435"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038078">-- </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162437"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038115">% </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162439"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1033661">13.2 Assignment Operators </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162441"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038120">= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162443"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038131">+= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162445"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038142">-= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162447"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038153">*= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162449"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038164">/= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162451"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038175">%= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162453"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038186"><<= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162455"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038197">>>= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162457"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038208">&= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162459"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038219">^= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162461"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038230">|= </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162463"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1034351">13.3 Bitwise Operators </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162465"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038238"><< </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162467"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038249">>> </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162469"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038260">& </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162471"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038271">^ </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162473"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038282">| </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162475"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038293">~ </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162477"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1035985">13.4 Relational Operators </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162479"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038445">< </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162481"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038453"><= </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162483"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038464">> </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162485"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038475">>= </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162487"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1035529">13.5 Equality Operators </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162489"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038486">== </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162491"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038497">!= </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162493"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1035654">13.6 Logical Operators </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162495"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038505">&& </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162497"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038516">|| </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162499"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038527">! </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162501"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1035685">13.7 Postfix Expressions </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162503"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038535">( ) </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162505"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038742">[ ] </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162507"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038557">. (dot) </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162509"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038568">-> </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162511"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1035782">13.8 Reference/Dereference Operators </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162513"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038583">& </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162515"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038594">* </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162517"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1035895">13.9 Conditional Operators </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162519"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038602">? : </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162521"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1036373">13.10 Other Operators </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162523"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038610">(type) </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162525"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1051021">sizeof </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162527"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="11oper.htm#1038638">, </a></font></font>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162529"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1007569"> 14. Graphical User Interface </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162531"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1002854">14.1 Editing </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162533"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1073458">14.2 Menus </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162535"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1074847">14.2.1 Using Keyboard Shortcuts </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162537"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1033903">14.2.2 File Menu </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162539"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1076737">14.2.3 Edit Menu </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162541"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1059354">14.2.4 Compile Menu </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162543"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1044550">14.2.5 Run Menu </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162545"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1012370">14.2.6 Inspect Menu </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162547"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1012029">14.2.7 Options Menu </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162549"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1055310">Environment Options </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162551"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1052531">Editor Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162553"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1052521">Gutter & Margin Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162555"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1078363">Display Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162557"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1074431">Syntax Colors Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162559"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1053172">Code Templates Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162561"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1053183">Debug Windows Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162563"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1062232">Print/Alerts Tab </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162565"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1052486">Project Options </a></font></font>
<dl>
<dd> <a name="1162567"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1056659">Communications Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162569"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1065424">Compiler Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162571"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1057508">Debugger Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162573"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1057432">Defines Tab </a></font>
<dd> <a name="1162575"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1057734">Targetless Tab </a></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162577"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1060113">14.2.8 Window Menu </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162579"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="13inter.htm#1002594">14.2.9 Help Menu </a></font></font>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162581"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="cmdlined.htm#939924"> 15. Command Line Interface </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162583"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="cmdlined.htm#965589">15.1 Default States </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162585"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="cmdlined.htm#944184">15.2 User Input </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162587"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="cmdlined.htm#944190">15.3 Saving Output to a File </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162589"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="cmdlined.htm#944196">15.4 Command Line Switches </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162591"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="cmdlined.htm#965367">15.4.1 Switches Without Parameters </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162593"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="cmdlined.htm#944798">15.4.2 Switches Requiring a Parameter </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162595"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="cmdlined.htm#942928">15.5 Examples </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162597"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="cmdlined.htm#975192">15.6 Command Line RFU </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162599"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="projects.htm#942936"> 16. Project Files </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162601"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="projects.htm#953327">16.1 Project File Names </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162603"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="projects.htm#944190">16.1.3 Active Project </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162605"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="projects.htm#944196">16.2 Updating a Project File </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162607"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="projects.htm#945933">16.3 Menu Selections </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162609"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="projects.htm#945937">16.4 Command Line Usage </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162611"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="18hints.htm#998885"> 17. Hints and Tips </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162613"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1037595">17.1 A User-Defined BIOS </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162615"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1039604">17.2 Efficiency </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162617"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1023846">17.2.1 Nodebug Keyword </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162619"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1038975">17.2.2 In-line I/O </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162621"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1033770">17.3 Run-time Storage of Data </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162623"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1037694">17.3.1 User Block </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162625"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1037698">17.3.2 Flash File System </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162627"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1037700">17.3.3 WriteFlash2 </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162629"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1037703">17.3.4 Battery-Backed RAM </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162631"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1037946">17.4 Root Memory Reduction Tips </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162633"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1038853">17.4.1 Increasing Root Code Space </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162635"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="18hints.htm#1037984">17.4.2 Increasing Root Data Space </a></font></font>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162637"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="rabregs.htm#113582">Macros and Global Variables </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162639"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="rabregs.htm#116281">Macros Defined by the Compiler </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162641"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="rabregs.htm#117838">Macros Defined in the BIOS or Configuration Libraries </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162643"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="rabregs.htm#119367">Global Variables </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162645"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="rabregs.htm#116927">Exception Types </a></font></font> <dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162647"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="rabregs.htm#113979">Rabbit Registers </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162649"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="mapfile.htm#940112">Map File Generation </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162651"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="mapfile.htm#942808">Grammar </a></font></font></dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162653"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="utilitie.htm#940112">Security Software & Utility Programs </a></font>
</h3>
<dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162655"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="utilitie.htm#957750">Rabbit Embedded Security Pack </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162657"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="utilitie.htm#958139">AES </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162659"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="utilitie.htm#957781">SSL </a></font></font>
</dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162661"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="utilitie.htm#957787">Dynamic C Utilities </a></font></font> <dl>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162663"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="utilitie.htm#961941">Library File Encryption </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162665"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="utilitie.htm#961946">File Compression Utility </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162667"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="utilitie.htm#956632">Font and Bitmap Converter Utility </a></font></font>
<dd><font size="3"> <a name="1162669"> </a><font face="Times, serif"><a href="utilitie.htm#958192">Rabbit Field Utility </a></font></font>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3>
<a name="1162671"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="moredocs.htm#940112">Additional Documentation </a></font>
</h3>
<h3>
<a name="1162673"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="legal.htm#120710">Software License Agreement </a></font>
</h3>
<h3>
<a name="1162675"> </a><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="dcusrmaa.htm#1327148">Index </a></font>
</h3>
</blockquote>
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